The most common cause of severe hypertriglyceridemia is multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS or type V hyperlipoproteinemia), which is linked to an increased risk of acute pancreatitis, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Because their therapies are so dissimilar, distinguishing between familial chylomicronemia syndrome and MCS is critical. Several cohort studies have helped to distinguish these two illnesses in recent years, and new data reveals that MCS is a heterogeneous condition. This article reviews the research on MCS, focusing on the genetic drivers of metabolic risk as well as the most recent breakthroughs in pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy options for these individuals.
