Nowadays, world is coping with a novel Coronavirus infection (Covid-19) as one of the most life-threatening and highly contagious viral diseases. Due to lack of data about immune-pathogenicity of Covid-19, recent anti-viral therapeutics have not been efficacious for all patients, yet. The widespread pandemic of Covid-19 challenge, will be more problematic when they are accompanied with long time needed for vaccine production, and overlap in diagnosis of clinical manifestations with other members of this viral family. Hence, medical sciences progress toward more updated genetic and bioinformatics protocols in clinical trials. These protocols have facilitated more accurate prognosis and early diagnosis, eventuating to accurate immunotherapeutic purposes with less mortality and morbidity rate. Thereafter, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been taken into account. miRNAs are small conserved non-coding single-stranded endogenous RNA (19~23 nucleotides). miRNAs exert their role through degradation or inhibition of the target mRNA translation by interaction with the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target mRNAs. Host miRNAs can also bind to viral RNA and regulate alteration of viral pathogenesis. Viral RNA can also mediate alterations in cellular miRNA expression, leading to downstream changes in the host transcriptome.
